As Greenland melts, something strange is happening to the ice sheet

About 80 percent of the ice sheet’s surface is like a snowcone: A dusting of fresh snowfall covers a thick layer of old snow, called firn, that’s slowly being compressed into glacier ice but still contains plenty of air pockets. When the top of this snow cone melts in the summer, liquid water percolates down into the firn, which soaks it up like a 100-foot-thick sponge.

…They started finding dense, compacted layers of ice in core after core, just below the seasonal snow layer. It was, MacFerrin says, as if a “turtle shell” had formed over the firn.

…That summer, for the first time on record, meltwater from this part of Greenland visibly started to flow away as runoff.

…Ice slabs have already caused Greenland’s runoff zone to expand by about 26 percent, according to the new study. 

…Under a worst-case scenario where carbon emissions continue to climb until the end of the century, the researchers calculated that ice slab proliferation could add up to 3 inches of sea level rise by 2100, boosting the ice sheet’s overall sea level rise contribution by nearly a third. In both a middle-of-the-road scenario where emissions peak by mid-century and the high emissions one, the amount of runoff from Greenland’s interior roughly doubles by century’s end.

…“We have never observed an ice sheet behaving this way before,” Poinar says. “It’s unprecedented in human scientific history.”

As Greenland melts, something strange is happening to the ice sheet

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Bird Population In North America Has Plummeted In Past 50 Years

Over the past half-century, North America has lost more than a quarter of its entire bird population, or around 3 billion birds.

…Their results show that more than 90% of the loss can be attributed to just a dozen bird families, including sparrows, warblers, blackbirds and finches.

Common birds with decreasing populations include meadowlarks, dark-eyed juncos, horned larks and red-winged blackbirds, says Rosenberg. Grassland birds have suffered a 53% decrease in their numbers, and more than a third of the shorebird population has been lost.

…”Just because a species hasn’t gone extinct or isn’t even necessarily close to extinction, it might still be in trouble,” she says. “We need to be thinking about conservation efforts for that.”

The researchers cite a variety of potential causes for the loss of birds, including habitat degradation, urbanization and the use of toxic pesticides, notes Zipkin.

Bird Population In North America Has Plummeted In Past 50 Years : NPR

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Former FDA commissioner says feds need to regulate marijuana – POLITICO

He acknowledged challenges, including cumbersome DEA requirements and the fact that the only federal source of research marijuana, in Mississippi, grows low-quality product and authorizes few researchers to use it, leading researchers to sue for better access.

“These are addressable challenges. Congress can take specific action to enable easier access to cannabis that’s appropriate for medical research,” Gottlieb said. “Ultimately, we need to move past the social stigma around cannabis and address these complex public health and regulatory issues objectively.”

Former FDA commissioner says feds need to regulate marijuana – POLITICO

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Hurricane season ties record for most storms at once

The six named storms whirling at once this week in the Atlantic and Pacific …was believed to tie a modern record, set in September 1992, according to National Hurricane Center forecaster Eric Blake.

Hurricane season: Humberto, Jerry, Kiko set record for most storms

Psssst…. Hot tip. Set is different than tie. Get your story straight.

After religious exemptions nixed, NY parents scramble to vaccinate kids

More than 1,200 cases of measles have been confirmed in 30 states this year, more than three-quarters of them linked to outbreaks in New York and New York City, the Centers for Disease Control reported.

…New York lawmakers revoked a religious exemption for mandatory school vaccinations, the change sent thousands of the state’s parents scrambling to get their kids shots — or get them out of the classroom entirely.

…The US Supreme Court ruled in 1905 that states have the right to enforce compulsory vaccination laws.

…Many of the New York cases have been among unvaccinated people in Orthodox Jewish communities. Resistance to vaccinations remains, despite scientific evidence that they are both safe and effective.

….Many parents …views on vaccines does not stem from formal religious teachings but rather personal beliefs, including that God created people with natural immunity against diseases.

After religious exemptions nixed, NY parents scramble to vaccinate kids | The Times of Israel

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An Brazilian Indigenous Leader Shares His Experience With And Ideas to Solve Man-Made Climate Change

Our rivers cannot exist without the forest, our animals cannot live without the forest, and we ourselves depend on these plants and animals for our consumption, for our existence.

Deforesting was one of the greatest catastrophes that happened in our territory. People felled our forests, and that made our rivers very dry. There were many species of fish that disappeared, as the forest has been cut down, many kinds of animals also disappeared, or disappeared from that region at least. We have experienced a lot more heatwaves now, almost unbearable heatwaves. There would be rains during the summer time as if it were winter time, and also dryness during the rainy season. There’s been growing lightning storms and hurricane storms that would come and uproot many trees. We had great floods that caused many animals to die, and even people. Because of climatic changes, there are many species of trees whose fruits are borne before the correct time of the year. All the people who live in the forest realize that over the last 30 years, the changes have been very significant.

…Our environment, our natural fruits, animals and plants are the security of our lives. And if we don’t take care of all these species, of this richness of nature, we are heading towards a great catastrophe that may affect us in a very deep way. 

…I want to show young people in particular how they can tend the forest in order to guarantee their futures, to create a sustainable situation consciously, without harming the environment in such a violent way as man does.

…Our governments are creating projects that actually harm people’s lives, perhaps slowly, but in a very pervasive way. People are just trying to get rich, and they are killing one another, sometimes without even knowing it. …They also need to respect everyone’s lives, the lives of all human beings, who depend on the land to survive. It is our very governments who are killing the earth.

An Brazilian Indigenous Leader Shares His Climate Solutions | Time

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Mother And Daughter Duo Have Possibly Developed The First Alzheimer’s Vaccine

The vaccine contains synthetic versions of amino acid chains that trigger antibodies to attack Alzheimer’s protein in the blood. The vaccine is a huge breakthrough because it attacks Alzheimer’s protein without creating any side effects.
Yi told Wired that they were able to generate some antibodies in all patients, which is very unusual for vaccines, and she noted that they’re talking about almost a 100 percent response rate.

According to the researchers, the vaccine can delay the onset of the disease by five years, which can be a godsend for people with the disease and their families.

Mother And Daughter Duo Have Possibly Developed The First Alzheimer’s Vaccine

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Sawdust Might Be One Answer to the World’s Plastic Problem – Bloomberg

Origin Materials is getting ready to pay sawmills in the area $20 a ton for the scraps left over in the process of turning logs into lumber, which it will use to make recyclable plastic bottles that remove carbon-dioxide from the sky because they’re made from sustainably sourced wood waste.

…Other so-called bio-based plastics are being developed from sugar, corn, algae, seaweed, sewage and even dead beetles.

…However ingenious the techniques to make plant-based bottles may get, though, they’re still plastic. Not all varieties are recyclable or biodegradable. And ultimately unless they are recycled — and worldwide only one out of every five bottles is — plastic bottles inevitably end up in landfills where they may spew pollutants into the air, or worse, find their way into the oceans where most could take hundreds of years to degrade, killing birds, fish and whales in the process. When incinerating, bio-based plastics may be little better than oil-based ones because the carbon stored in them is released.

…Phasing out petroleum-based plastics will be an uphill battle. Use of the material has become so ingrained for societies around the world that about half of all new oil demand through 2040 will come from petrochemicals, an industry that relies on plastics for most of its business, according to BloombergNEF. The $500 billion global plastics market is responsible for 5% of greenhouse gas emissions.

…Nestle alone produces 1.7 million tons of plastic packaging a year. …Beverage makers like Coca-Cola Co. and Pepsi use a lot more than that. Coca-Cola rolled out its so-called plantbottle in 2009, but it’s still 70% petroleum based.

Sawdust Might Be One Answer to the World’s Plastic Problem – Bloomberg

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Outer Banks wild horses will ride out Hurricane Dorian as usual, with ‘butts to the wind’

The hurricane with no name threshed across the Atlantic coast in mid-September 1713, ripping at tobacco crops and sending panicked colonists inland, where the storm’s destructive power found them. 

…By then, the Spanish mustangs already had made a home on North Carolina’s thin, boomerang-shaped Outer Banks for two centuries, passing down cyclone-survival skills to foals for generations.

…Around 200 horses will stay and ride it out, as they have since the 16th century — seeking refuge under towering live oak trees.

It’s not their first rodeo, said Meg Puckett, the nonprofit’s herd manager. The wild horses will instinctually seek cover in wooded high grounds, standing in tight circles with their butts out like a reverse phalanx.

“After all that time, the herd just knows,” Puckett told The Washington Post by phone on Thursday, as wind hummed in the background, announcing Dorian’s inevitable approach up the coast. “That information is passed down from generation to generation.”

…They are thought to be descendants of horses that swam ashore after the shipwrecks.

Others believe they were simply abandoned by the Spaniards after various violent clashes with Native Americans and English settlers.

The horses are remarkably resilient in the harsh conditions, where fresh water and vegetation often give way to sand and salt. And they don’t scare like domestic horses. Facing a hurricane or a threat, they endure. “It says a lot about their resourcefulness and hardiness,” Puckett said. “They have an incredible will to survive.”

…In 2010, the Spanish mustang became the state horse of North Carolina, even as their future remains far from certain. Conservationists have focused their efforts on genetic diversity to keep mares and foals healthy, Puckett said.

…She is not concerned over Dorian’s approach. Many hurricanes have come and gone for 500 years, and the horses remain.

If they ever disappear, it’s unlikely that a hurricane will be the culprit.

Outer Banks wild horses will ride out Hurricane Dorian as usual – The Washington Post

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Hurricane Dorian: Triggers a Familiar Routine in Nags Head, NC

In the Outer Banks, hurricane preparations are a ritual, a way of life. The storms bring the threat of destruction and here, especially, of permanent change — of washed-away roads and inlets carved into places that used to be land.

…He directed a staff of workers who’d arrived around 9 a.m. at the Outer Banks Fishing Pier. They’d come to help board up Fish Heads, a popular restaurant and bar built into the beginning of the pier.

…They’ve boarded up Fish Heads so often that for some it’d become routine. The letters spray-painted on the wood offered guidance of where to place them: “E” for on the east side of the restaurant, facing the ocean, and “S” for the south.

If all went well, they’d be back on Saturday to take the boards off and re-open. But that was three days away, and there was no way to know what Dorian might bring.

…In Nags Head, a big Food Lion a few blocks from the beach, was absent the kind of rush that storm preparation might bring elsewhere, farther inland. There were no crowds, but plenty of milk, bread and water. Outside, customers traded jokes about stocking up on beer.

…In 2003, Hurricane Isabel …[destroyed huge parts] two revered fishing piers in Nags Head.

..The pier that Oliver’s father owns lost about 400 feet, Oliver said.

…“They ended up building back Jennette’s as a concrete pier,” Oliver said. …“Since we just got beach nourishment, …and then this last fall, we replaced nine pilings on the pier. So we’re feeling a little bit better …structure-wise.”

…While the workers sawed wood and attached boards to the side of the building, others stood by and watched and cracked open bottles of Corona. 

…“We spent a lot of time boarding up. Everybody gets their houses ready, everybody’s prepared, and then at the end if you want to sit down and have a cocktail, it definitely happens for sure.”

…Nags Heard town officials on Wednesday handed out fliers …titled “If You Choose to Stay During Hurricane Dorian.” 

…“At the least, we are expecting significant soundside storm surge, rainfall, high surf and the damage associated with these impacts.”

The town wrote that at the height of the storm, public safety personnel “may not be able to respond in the event of an emergency.” It warned people who stayed to be prepared to lose power and water, and advised gathering enough supplies to last for at least three days.

Hurricane Dorian: Storm threat makes Nags Head a ghost town | Raleigh News & Observer

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Residents of North Carolina’s Outer Banks brace for Dorian

Overnight winds were expected to cause trees and branches to fall on power lines, and debris could block repair crews from accessing damaged lines, said Mike Burnette senior vice president of Electric Cooperatives, a utility provider in North Carolina. Customers should prepare for prolonged power outages, he said.

“We have a long night ahead of us. Everyone needs to stay in a safe place and off the roads until the storm passes,” North Carolina Gov. Roy Cooper said.

About 150 evacuees were camped out at Charlotte Motor Speedway in North Carolina, speedway spokesman Scott Cooper said.

Residents of North Carolina’s Outer Banks brace for Dorian – CBS 17.com

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Minnesotan’s in Bahamas comment on Hurricane Dorian relief efforts

“It’s total devastation,” said Basil Christie, a graduate of St John’s University in Minnesota who is now the hurricane relief coordinator for the Archdiocese of Nassau. “This one is going to be a serious challenge because you can’t get to the islands. Both airports are underwater, so we can’t travel there.”

Basil Christie: “That’s completely destroyed, and school was to have been opened this week. There’s no school. There’s no building there.”

Kent Erdahl: “Are those students accounted for?”

Basil Christie: “Only some of them. We’re still trying. The difficulty is we have no communication.”

…The number of confirmed deaths …[is now] 20.

“We are certain that there are considerably more than that,” he said. “There are whole families that are missing; [that] we can’t find.”

…Building code on the islands required buildings to withstand winds of 150 miles per hour, but Dorian packed 185 mile per hour winds that were sustained for a day and a half.

Minnesotan’s in Bahamas comment on Hurricane Dorian relief efforts | kare11.com

A rescue, a reunion and a rush to help in Dorian’s aftermath

The fearsome Category 5 storm blew out the supposedly hurricane-proof windows, turning the glass into razor-sharp shrapnel that opened a wide gash on her knee.

Then the 89-year-old woman and her caretaker settled in to wait for help, and conditions soon worsened.

…The Bahamian government sent hundreds of police and marines into the stricken islands, along with doctors, nurses and other health care workers. The U.S. Coast Guard, Britain’s Royal Navy and relief organizations including the United Nations and the Red Cross joined the burgeoning effort to rush food and medicine to survivors and lift the most desperate people to safety by helicopter.

…At Cottis’ home, the two women heard helicopters overhead and cars driving past, but the weather and massive flooding prevented any assistance.

…Help finally arrived in the form of neighbor Ben Allen, a 40-year-old construction worker and maintenance man, who showed up with a minivan to take Cottis to get medical attention. Cottis …struggled to stand up and nearly fell over when the group tried to get her into the vehicle, which had a partially collapsed roof and was filled with wet cardboard.

…All of a sudden, Cartwright screamed, “That’s my son! That’s my son!”

She hustled out of the car and swept the 29-year-old marine welder and father of two into her arms as she cried. She had not known until that moment if he was alive. 

A rescue, a reunion and a rush to help in Dorian’s aftermath – ABC News

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Just two Diet Cokes a day ‘increases your risk of deadly heart attack or stroke by 50%’ – The Sun

The World Health Organisation research found the dangers from guzzling artificially sweetened pop were up to three times greater than regular sugary drinks.

…It found chances of early death went up by eight per cent for those who consumed sugary drinks twice daily.

But for those glugging two glasses of diet pop each day, the risk went up by 26 per cent.

This group also saw their chance of being killed by cardiovascular disease rise by 52 per cent.

…Previous research suggests sweeteners may affect blood vessel health, dementia risk and also trigger weight gain.

One theory is that it affects the body’s sugar levels and key hormones, such as insulin.

But others claim unhealthy adults are more likely to turn to diet drinks, which may explain the findings.

Just two Diet Cokes a day ‘increases your risk of deadly heart attack or stroke by 50%’ – The Sun

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